Indian Renaissance Painting
Historical perspective :
Absurd changes in Indian art became the main
reason for the movement. Classical art began to disappear in this and western
art in which European techniques were incorporated became the single point
reason. Bengal was the area of movement for Indian Renaissance art. Now it
comes to the question that which activities were adopted in these arts or it
became necessary to make changes in Indian arts? This is a topic worth
considering.
We have to accept that the East-India Company started establishing its foothold in India in the 18th century and later our golden bird India became a slave. After that, Indian youth started coming against it and the awakening of freedom started growing in their mind and from here the beginning of change started. When we start talking about renaissance, new changes were seen in literature, religion, society, art and culture. The leaders of the British, such as the wealthy class, feudal, royal kings and emperors, started atrocities on the Indian people, such as the peasantry and the working class, by imposing octroi and tax pressure. Considering this as a shortcoming, the British themselves started oppressing the Indian people by joining the people of those feudal classes and the kings. But the change that we get to see will be called mass revolution. Not all Indians were anti-Indian among the British, some were also those who had a lot of attachment to India, among them one of the English thinkers and artists, whose name we know by 'E.V. Havell'. He made new changes in Indian art with modernity and made his valuable contribution.
When Indian art was on the verge of giving up
its existence, 'E.V. 'Havel' in 1884 AD provided strength by staying on the
post of 'Principal' of 'Madras Art School' and attracted the attention of the
world towards 'Indian art and culture'. The reason for this was that in the
Indian orthodox period, the association of western art is necessary. 'E.V.
Havel' in 1896 AD, he became the 'Principal' of 'Calcutta Art School' from
Madras Art School and with his cooperation a new art movement was started. He
considered it an error to teach art to the students of Bengal school only on
foreign customs and advised to make art expressions based on Ajanta, Rajput and
Mughal styles full of Indian life and ideals.
He had his own idea that Indian art is based on the cultures and scriptures here, so why not do something different in this art. Havell believed that Indian art is closer to the soul and reflects eternal reality than the physical world, while Western art is closer to materiality and modernity. 'Percy Brown' and 'Dr. Thinkers like 'Anand Kumaraswamy' also gave their full cooperation in propagating the ideal qualities of Indian art.
Art critic 'Dr. Mulkraj Anand' is of the
opinion that Havel, who removed the British art method and started teaching art
on the basis of Indian traditional stories and style, was also successful in
inspiring Indians through the medium of art. 'Calcutta Art School' in 1854 AD,
'Madras Art School' in 1850 AD, Mumbai in 1857 AD, 'Art Schools in Lahore' in
1857 AD were started.
Coming from a feudal family born in the Bengali environment, 'E.V. Havel published books named 'Indian Sculpture and Painting', 'Indian Architecture' and 'Ideals of Indian Art' in the glory of Indian art and drew the world's attention to Indian traditional and religious art. At the same time, the western ideas propagated against the artistic qualities of Indian art were called misleading. But the matter does not end here, discussions had started to spread the framework of renaissance all over India.
'W. Yes. Archer', on the contrary, in 'India
and Modern Art' E.V. Havel's above views were considered wrong. Havel advised
Indian artists to look to their past and paint instead of imitating western
art.
In 1907 AD, with the help of 'Sir John
Budroff', he established the 'Indian Society of Oriental Art'. In the year
1919, O.C. Published the art magazine 'Roopam' under the editorship of
'Gangoli'.
Just after these analytical things, we would like to throw light on the characteristics of Bengali renaissance.
Characteristics of Renaissance Paintings:
In the works of the artists of the Bengal
School, there is a definite fusion of Western style of precise drawing and
Chinese drawing, in addition to the Japanese 'wash method' as a foreign art
influence.
The painters selected their subjects from India's ancient 'glorious stories', 'religious stories', 'historical contexts', 'literary associations' and 'tableaux of life'.
The importance of drawing was re-established. The artists of the Bengal School believed that sketching (the habit of drawing) is necessary for the full development of movement in paintings, motifs of nature and rhythm in paintings etc. After going there, nature, animals and birds, men and women, aquatic and terrestrial etc. all started doing dynamic sketches. Earlier this type of practice was not prevalent in India.
The 'wash method' was adopted by most of the painters of Bengal. The colors were fixed by immersing the paper in water after filling it with color. The picture was completed by repeating this process again and again.
Some artists, prominently Acharya Nandlal Bose, Kshitindranath Majumdar adopted the 'tempra method'. In this method, less bright colors with gray undertones were filled directly flat. To highlight the figures, they were outlined by lines. A gradual attempt was made to create a dramatic effect of shadow-light, but the emphasis on photographic naturalness was lost.
In the field of art, the blind imitation of European style 'isms' and 'painting color methods' was being done in India, it was abandoned in the art of renaissance period and the entry of Indian tradition, culture, religion and history etc. in the field of painting. Happened.
Due to its main features, this art movement (Bengal pen or school, renaissance, painting or Tagore style) earned fame all over the world and also achieved success in freeing Indian art from foreign clutches.
If we look at the above analytical arguments in the context of scientific and research ideas, then renaissance in art will be considered as an inevitable activity. The main purpose of this art was to display Indianness and to cooperate in furthering classical art.
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